Cuba's '1 percent' is not who you think it is

Cuba's '1 percent' is not who you think it is
Published: Friday, 19 Jul 2013 | 7:00 AM ET
By: Michelle Caruso-Cabrera | CNBC Chief International Correspondent

In most parts of the world, artists struggle to make a living. In Cuba,
they're part of the wealthiest 1 percent of the population.

Two quirks of fate have led to an explosion of well-paid artists on the
island: an exception to the U.S. embargo on Cuban goods that allows
Americans to spend money on Cuban art, and an accident of Cuban history
that lets artists keep the money they earn.

Dionel Delgado, 29, is emblematic of financially successful Cuban
artists. His new gallery is in an apartment he just bought in a prime
ground-floor location in old Havana that gets lots of tourist foot traffic.

As he painted a large, lush landscape of the Cuban countryside, he told
CNBC, "A big part about my work is about the landscape. The love of my
country, my space, my dream space."

Don't try to buy the work however—it's already sold to a Mexican gallery
for $10,000. He said that, on average, he sells a painting every two months.

Thousands of Americans travel legally to Cuba every year under what the
Treasury calls "people to people" licenses. Remember Jay-Z and Beyoncé's
trip? On such junkets, American tourists are prohibited from buying any
kind of souvenir—except for books, music and art.

As a result, as one moves through old Havana, some of the most prevalent
items for sale aren't T-shirts, hats or magnets, but paintings. In fact,
the government put up a new building a few years ago expressly for art
vendors.

An accident of Cuban history

Vendors there don't have to be as successful as Delgado to make a good
living. Most of the paintings for sale to tourists are $100 or less.
Selling just one a month, a painter makes more than double the average
Cuban, who earns only $19 in a government job.

Artists have held a special place in the Cuban economy since the early
1990s—an extremely difficult period in which the Soviet Union cut off
the billions of dollars in subsidies it had supplied to Fidel Castro's
government. Even food was hard to come by. During that time, the
government carved out a special exemption for musicians and artists,
allowing them to travel freely in and out of the country and, more
importantly, to be self-employed as artists and to keep the money they made.

The exemptions made them rich compared with other members of Cuban
society, as well as more cosmopolitan.

Abel Barroso Arencibia, 46, who specializes in wood carvings, agrees
that artists are lucky to hold a special place in the Cuban economy.

Barroso is in the middle of a major renovation on his apartment. Two
museums in New York—the Whitney Museum of American Art and Museum of
Modern Art—hold his pieces in their collections. He has traveled all
over the world, from the U.S. to Japan, and was able to do so long
before other Cubans, who received that right only at the beginning of
this year.

Critical of the government? It's up to the viewer

Also remarkable is that the Cuban government seems willing to tolerate
art that could be interpreted as critical of it. Barroso, for example,
is working on a woodcut of a tablet computer. It obviously doesn't work,
but the "apps" on the wooden machine are all related to emigrating from
Cuba.

Barroso makes many woodcuts of communication devices. He calls the work
an "ironic" commentary on technology. When asked if it's a criticism of
the government—given that most Cubans don't have a cellphone or access
to the Internet—he responds, "How it's interpreted is up to the viewer."
Besides landscapes, Delgado has created a series of large-format
paintings that depict fake magazine covers. He said he was inspired by
Norman Rockwell, famous for painting real magazine covers that portray
an idyllic American life.

One of Delgado's magazine cover paintings shows people preparing to jump
over the malecon—the famous seawall in Havana—in inner tubes. It's a
scene repeated by thousands of Cubans who, desperate to leave, took to
the open ocean.

When asked if the painting is intended as a criticism of the government,
Delgado said no, adding that "it talks about the troubles of Cuba."

"It's normal for all the Cubans to have this constant on our minds," he
said. For a Cuban, the sea means "one way to take his dreams out there,
the American dream," he added. "It's a reflection of ... how many people
take this option, you know? For finding a way, you know?"

—By CNBC's Michelle Caruso-Cabrera

Editor's note: Michelle Caruso-Cabrera owns works of Dionel Delgado,
among works of several other Cuban artists.

Source: "Cuba's '1 percent' is not who you think it is" -
http://www.cnbc.com/id/100896610