By David Ariosto, CNN
May 19, 2010 -- Updated 1928 GMT (0328 HKT)
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
* Rural Cubans who move to the capital Havana become illegal migrants
* Tens of thousands have been deported back to their home villages
* At Havana's famed Malecon's seawall police check identity cards
Havana, Cuba (CNN) -- "I was caught because I was an illegal," explained
a bicycle taxi driver as he gripped the rusted blue handle-bars of his
vehicle in Havana's Central Park. "And because I'd been here several
times before, I was deported back."
But the driver working his trade in the capital city did not arrive in
Cuba from another country. Instead he is among the thousands who have
come from rural provinces in search of work and a place to live -- but
who have been deported back because of "Decree 217."
The 1997 law restricts rural migration to Havana, making this taxi
driver an illegal resident in his own capital city.
"If you're illegal you can't be here in Havana," said the driver,
originally from Cuba's eastern Holguin province. "You don't have an
address here in Havana."
The squeaky wheels of bicycle taxis usually make more noise than their
drivers when the talk turns controversial in the company of an
unfamiliar foreigner. But the 13-year old law has this bicycle taxi
driver talking.
CNN is not naming the driver due to the sensitive nature of his
residency status.
The law's passage through the island's rubber-stamp legislature came
just six years after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the hardship
that brought to Cuba during what it called the "special period."
Economic conditions were generally worse at the eastern end of the
island, according to Cuba analyst Edward Gonzalez, a professor emeritus
at the University of California Los Angeles.
"[The eastern region] has always been the less affluent, impoverished
part of the island," he said, "heavily dependent upon agriculture, less
on tourism, and also happens to be more black and mulatto."
The effort to keep migrants out and prevent overcrowding in Havana may
have resulted in police discrimination against darker-skinned Cubans
presumed more likely to be illegal, Gonzalez said.
"The government deported tens of thousands of people or forcibly removed
them from Havana to other parts of the island," said Daniel Wilkinson,
America's deputy director at Human Rights Watch. "It's just one in a
series of laws that place severe restrictions on Cubans [and] how they
live, where they live, and where they work."
The taxi driver said he believes when Havana police check IDs, they
"like to pick on black people a little more."
The Cuban government, which has long touted racial integration as a
crowning achievement of a revolution that brought Fidel Castro to power
in 1959, declined to comment on internal migration or the activities of
transit police. Cuba has repeatedly said its policies promote racial
equality.
Article 42 of the country's constitution makes discrimination on the
basis of race, sex, or place of origin, a violation of the law.
In practice, transit police check IDs in popular areas like Havana's
Malecon and Central Park, flipping over the ID card to check the address.
"The police sometimes come, ask me why I'm sitting here if I don't live
close by," said one man, perched on the Malecon's famed seawall that
lines Havana's northern rim and practically juts out into the Caribbean.
"I just say the Malecon is a place to sit for every Cuban."
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/05/19/cuba.illegal/index.html?section=cnn_latest
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