Miriam Celaya, Translator: Norma Whiting
(Originally published in the Diario de Cuba dated August 3rd, 2011)
The last five years in Cuba have been fruitful in the theoretical
development of solutions to the country's severe problems, mainly those
related to the ills of the economy and other endemic viruses, an endless
list including bureaucracy and corruption. Generally, these social
atrophies are usually addressed by analysts sympathetic to the
government as if they were temporary or recent conditions, or as if they
were due to an accident not caused by the internal politics of the
country –- the so-called "Special Period", which has become almost as
helpful as the "blockade" — or as if they were deficiencies of such a
subtle and invisible nature as to have gone unnoticed for decades, even
by the seasoned eyes of our highly experienced government leaders.
Theorists attempting to rediscover a kind of socialism "a la Cuban" that
would be viable "just now" are not exactly members of the nomenklatura,
much more reluctant to change, but certain individuals and groups of
reformers who may sincerely opt to improve Cuban reality after the
introduction of "changes in the model." In an exercise in good faith, I
am inclined to believe that these are mostly well-intentioned proposals,
but I trust that they and the scribes know that good intentions, though
necessary, will never be enough to reverse the serious national disaster.
Among the most active theoretical reformists is Pedro Campos, host of a
trend called Participatory and Democratic Socialism, who has been
presenting some projects of socialist worker-managed cooperative
enterprises, among other proposals. His ideas are what could be called a
trend critical of that of the official line, which I consider important
to point out, since his position with respect to the government does not
exactly represent a conflict between different schools of thought, but
different positions to sustain the same thought, which can be summarized
essentially in two words: revolution and socialism. However, I think it
appropriate to acknowledge that within the "revolutionary dissent"
Campos finally begins to recognize, at least de jure, the legitimacy of
the rights of those substantially different, that is, of the
non-revolutionary and non-Marxist dissidents.
"Democracy, to control the bureaucracy", a Pedro Campos Offering,
published on July 6th in the digital site Kaos en la Red, is a piece too
long to review it in its entirety. However, because it contains opinions
arising from an ideological position that I do not agree with, I should
dwell on some specific considerations that could lead to a debate
between adversaries who respect and recognize each other's rights to
their opinion and dissent, but unfortunately I never had the opportunity
of a face-to-face discussion with the author on our respective points of
view. This could be a form of inquiry that allows me an approach to the
thinking and transformation strategies with which those who are "not my
equals" imagine their projects in a future Cuba, and a glimpse of how
such a project can encourage a possible exchange that will eventually
contribute a small measure to strengthen the essential civic foundations
of that future.
In principle, I find suspect any writings that begin with a Martí
header, especially as in the case of trying to defend socialism against
bureaucracy, using for effect a phrase from a speech in which the
Apostle [Martí] vigorously denied it for that very reason, defining
socialism as a system in which man would go from "being a slave of the
capitalists, (…) to becoming the slave of servants". Such trickery, in
addition to misrepresenting Martí's ideas, would eventually become silly
due to so much overuse. On the other hand, too frequent references to
"what Fidel said," or "what Raúl says," as ultimate sources of
legitimacy, are a widespread habit among those who analyze the Cuban
reality from the perspective of "revolutionary", and suggests a poorly
disguised intent to evade the consequences that critics of any
denomination tend to suffer. This practice also tends to diminish the
potential value of the arguments. A proposal should not be validated
according to its connection to the speech of a leader. However, it is
fair to say that the article referenced in Pedro Campos is gaining in
audacity as he gets into the analysis, all the way to his making truly
bold statements within the Cuban context.
According to Campos, "Since coming to the Presidency, the current first
secretary of the CCP tries to pull the country out of stagnation and has
rightly spoken of eliminating secretive and absurd regulations, of
involving workers, creating venues for differences and contradictions,
of decentralization, national unity, of creating a critical press, and
he never tires of saying that we must change the mindset, methods,
styles and structures". Such a statement would be relatively true if it
were possible, in practice, to verify the performance of such
intentions. However, since F. Castro's famous Proclamation on July 31,
2006, which allowed him to continue to "govern" the country symbolically
in effigy for another two years before actual power was transferred to
the General-President, five whole years have transpired without
substantial changes being apparent as far as the "inertia", the
"secrecy", and the long list of "absurd regulations" which Campos
criticizes.
On the other hand, Campos indicates other issues of particular
importance when attacking not only the persistence of cumbersome bans
and the sluggishness in implementing processes that should promote
so-called "non-state forms of ownership" — a euphemism that avoids the
heretical phrase " private property" — but also that it is unjustifiable
not to abolish regulations and legal obstacles that impede the progress
of the changes proposed during the Sixth Congress of the PCC, primarily
with regard to housing, food and transportation. "The urgency of the
crisis that Raúl has referred to would require immediate and ongoing
meetings of the Cuban parliament, the legal procedure for changing
everything that must be changed, but no one thinks of that", complains
Campos. And this is so true, I would add, that not even the General of
the Reforms himself thinks of it.
The double standard of the "state-centered economy" is severely
chastised by Campos in some statements, when he challenges the validity
of the application of market laws in hard currency only for the State,
while the vulnerable national currency economy continues to suffocate;
the accelerated suppression of free services, the elimination of
subsidies and budget cuts in contrast to the persistence of low wages,
the one and official media –- which, he declares, "remains fully
controlled by the ideological apparatus" — reflecting the problems of
the state economy, but keeping the old proposals in the old schemes that
exclude the participation of the workers; the advances in the
decentralization process is not realized, but the market monopoly
continues, the recourses, business and policy decisions, and he notes
that "the military sector accounts for the most productive firms in hard
currency, the internal hard currency market and the main projects shared
with foreign currency". He even mentions that other dependency that
stifles us today: Venezuelan oil.
His questions are not confined to economic circles, but extend to the
minefields of politics and he even claims some murky and sensitive
spots, such as the internal repression and the topic of relations with
the U.S. Here he states that "State Security should not interfere in
ideological or political issues", and he adds "dissidents are
continually being harassed in different ways (…) and also harassed are
whomever, for whatever reason, differ from government policies or
disagree with officials whom the Council of State determined should be
at the helm of the country's direction".
In his list of ailments he includes the harassment of blacks and
mestizos through the principle of "pestering tourists," stating that "…
the hounds of neo-Stalinism can charge as counterrevolutionaries or
agents of the imperialism any citizen exchanging ideas with an American
diplomat or with a political dissident, respectively. And whoever dares
to receive a penny of assistance from any international entity suspected
of having any link with the U.S. government can be accused as a 'traitor
and agent of the CIA' and can be sentenced to several years in prison".
He also refers to targeted TV attacks and "independent bloggers,
religious laity who criticize undemocratic aspects of the political
system or anyone visiting the U.S. embassy", qualifying such programs as
a "true factory of adversaries".
Existing emigration regulations are another target at which Campos
throws his darts, noting that "they seem more like a lucrative business
for the bureaucracy and a kind of punishment or penalty for Cubans
wishing to travel for personal reasons than mechanisms that make
people's lives easier."
Perhaps most remarkable is not that Pedro Campo's criticisms coincide
with the allegations that individuals and opposition and independent
journalist sectors have been making for years, having paid a high price
for doing so. Campos additionally offers an unexpected revelation from a
socialist: "the problem in depth is systemic", and further: "it has been
recognized that the old model does not function, but instead of changing
all that should be changed, the government/party tries to 'update' it,
which equates to maintaining intact its support bases: the bureaucratic
state, state concentration of property and decisions, wage labor, and
other schemes of neo-Stalinism for the control of individual freedoms
and democracy". Without doubt, a commendable audacity.
Nevertheless, Campos cannot avoid succumbing to the trite contradiction
of condemning the model system and the party/government in the same
package, and trying to dilute the power cupola's responsibility in a
collective guilt, as if the makers of the country and the rest of us
Cubans were at the same level. Indeed, the balance for the debacle of a
nation cannot rest solely on a small group of individuals. Today, only a
handful of ailing elderly still control the destiny of 11 million souls,
but if the responsibility were shared, we would have to share equally in
the participation of reforms and decisions, this time giving advantages
to those of us who have been held back for more than half a century when
they were being made. Because what Campos should not forget is that 70%
of the Cuban population was born after 1959, bereft of democracy, and
not directly involved in the construction of this Frankenstein monster.
For Campos, the Castro brothers are the "most responsible", but he stirs
them in with other criminals, creating a brew into which "all Cubans
with some political culture" fall equally (only a tiny fraction of the
Cuban people could actually be listed in that category), "those who
chose to leave the country rather than getting in trouble", "those who
chose wrong violent methods to address democratic deficits" (he
mercifully omits that the historical leaders of the revolution came to
power and seized the nation using these methods from July 1953 to date).
And, in a whimsical parable, Campos has most of the blame landing on…
"American Imperialism that established and maintains the blockade…" And
thus, like in B movies, in which the villain we took for dead grabs the
heroine's ankle as she is trying to make her escape, the Imperialist
claw appears once more to establish itself as evil incarnate. Without
denying the stupidity of the policies of successive U.S.
administrations, countless times I've wondered what would become of the
Castro revolution without this inexhaustible resource, Yankee Imperialism.
To sum it up, Campos's article, despite its values, maintains the spirit
of a catharsis in which the author seems to try to rid the demons of
their own fears. This is a good thing, because, after all, it is always
a first step requiring a great deal of courage. I suggest that this
assumption of his inclusive mood is another positive step which a
colleague and friend coined as the indispensable "decriminalization of
discrepancies." As for me, I thank Pedro Campos for his kindness in
publicly acknowledging the right of those who think differently than he
does, and I also I offer him my respect and consideration together with
my full willingness to keep the debate going.
Translated by Norma Whiting
August 5 2011
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