What’s next for Cuba?

What's next for Cuba?
Updated December 19, 2016 11:34 AM
By Alvaro Vargas Llosa, InsideSources.com

One would think there is no doubt in anybody's mind about Fidel Castro's
horrific legacy. And yet we have heard important leaders say some
outrageous things.

What is Castro's real political legacy? The last free election in Cuba
was in 1948; Fidel Castro turned the island into a more ruthless police
state than the one he inherited from the Batista regime. The guerrillas
he exported to Latin America gave rise to savage right-wing military
dictatorships in the 1970s. Today no country in Latin America, with the
pathetic exception of Venezuela, models itself on Cuba. The few
left-wing populists who were allies of Cuba have been defeated at the
polls (Argentina), constitutionally removed from power (Brazil), or
forced to give up their hopes of another unconstitutional re-election
(Ecuador, Bolivia), while Nicaragua's Daniel Ortega has metamorphosed
into a right-wing despot.

Soon after he took over from Fidel (first on an interim basis, then
formally), Raul Castro, who would like to copy the Vietnamese formula
(state capitalism and one-party rule), began to renounce some basic
tenets of Cuba's socialist economic model. He did not go far, but some
of his measures — those relaxing the draconian emigration rules,
allowing small businesses to operate privately, and re-establishing
diplomatic relations with the United States without the precondition of
lifting the embargo — have a counterrevolutionary whiff.

What about Fidel Castro's economic legacy? The respected Cuban economist
Carmelo Mesa-Lago has calculated that the Soviet subsidy amounted to $65
billion over a 30-year period and that Venezuela's largesse toward the
island amounted to $10 billion annually during the reign of Hugo Chavez.
(It continues in diminished form under Nicolas Maduro.)

Castro wanted to turn Cuba into an agricultural powerhouse, but today it
imports more than 70 percent of its food, and the sugar harvest, which
reached 8 million tons a long time ago, has been reduced to about 1.4
million tons. The small industrial activity that still exists is half of
what it was at the time of the fall of the Berlin Wall. Economics
professor and blogger Tyler Cowen thinks the country's per capita income
is below $2,000.

What now? Raul Castro announced in 2013 that he will relinquish power in
2018 and seemed to suggest he would be succeeded by Miguel Diaz Canelo,
an electrical engineer. Raul will relinquish the presidency of the
Council of State and the Council of Ministers, but real power rests in
the military and the Communist Party, where he will continue to call the
shots. His son-in-law, Luis Alberto Rodriguez, is the head of GAESA, the
holding company of the armed forces, which directly controls half of
Cuba's economy. This is the body you must partner with if you want to
invest in tourism, retail, infrastructure projects, etc.

Not to speak of the third Castro generation, already positioned for
important things. A son of Raul Castro, Alejandro, is a colonel in the
Ministry of the Interior and the head of counterintelligence.

At the age of 85, Raul will not be around to make decisions much longer.
But anyone who thinks this is the beginning of a meaningful political
transition is sorely mistaken. Fidel's brother believes in combining
limited market reforms with one-party rule — the "Vietnamization" of the
Cuban model. He may not be Fidel, but he commands enough authority to
make sure nothing funny happens under his watch.

What is much less clear is what will happen after Raul Castro is gone.
No apparatchik wields enough power to ensure the perpetuity of the
system. Although civil society is too weak at this time to rebel against
one-party rule, the cracks that might open within the structure of the
state could unleash forces of the kind we saw in Eastern Europe both
inside and outside of the Communist Party.

But that will not happen anytime soon.

Alvaro Vargas Llosa is a senior fellow at the Independent Institute and
author of "Liberty for Latin America: How to Undo Five Hundred Years of
State Oppression" and "The Che Guevara Myth and the Future of Liberty."

Source: What's next for Cuba? | Newsday -
http://www.newsday.com/opinion/commentary/what-s-next-for-cuba-1.12777777