Cuba's mobile phone boom sees few calls but plenty of chatter
Once illegal gadget is now ubiquitous, despite prohibitive costs, and is
loosening the regime's grip on information
Roberto Machado tapped his pocket with a smile and with some ceremony
fished out the phone: a Sony Ericsson, vintage 2003. For its new owner
this was no clunky relic. It was beautiful.
Machado, a 31-year-old artist, recently received it from an aunt in
Spain and was enchanted. "I love it. I tell you, with this life isn't
the same."
The age of the mobile phone has reached Cuba. Since being legalised by
the communist government the phones, once a forbidden badge of foreign
consumerism, have become a ubiquitous sight across the island.
Clipped to belts, worn around necks, endlessly fiddled with, you see
them everywhere. There is, however, a Cuban twist: very few use the
phone to talk.
Machado looked aghast at the idea. "Speak? As in a conversation? Never.
Not once. You would have to be crazy or desperate." Calls are too
expensive so the phones are used as pagers. Instead of answering, Cubans
note the incoming number and call back from a landline.
Such are the calculations wrought by an impoverished, centrally planned
economy where the average monthly wage is $20 (£13). Calls between
mobile phones cost 65 cents a minute, and slightly more from a mobile to
a landline. Even texting, at 17 cents a message, is considered pricey. A
minute-long call to Europe costs $5.85.
It takes enormous sacrifice – or a foreign benefactor – for Cubans to
afford the $60 handset sold in government stores and a further $50 to
activate the line with Etecsa, the state telephone company. Even so,
there is always a queue outside Etecsa's store on Obispo street in
Havana. Many are youths in sunglasses and designer jeans – part of a
generation as obsessed by brands as their western peers. "We're catching
up," said Miguel, a 19-year-old.
All in the queue – faces pressed against the store window – appeared
giddy at the prospect of imminent cellular connection. "They've been
waiting for this a long time," said a uniformed guard at the shop entrance.
Cuba still has the lowest mobile phone use in Latin America but the
number is rising fast, with 480,000 handsets for 11.2 million people,
according to officials.
On one level this represents success for President Raúl Castro's promise
to ease the hardships and petty restrictions which stoke resentment
among Cubans at the 51-year-old revolution. Bans on DVDs and computers
have also been lifted.
From the government's viewpoint, however, there is a catch. These
consumer goods fan a different, rival revolution – in information.
Cubans yearn for news other than state media propaganda. "I'm sick of
being treated like a 10-year-old who lives on another planet," one
tourism worker put it.
A gossip grapevine nicknamed Radio Bemba (Radio Lip) is the traditional
way to supplement official information. The new gadgets – phone cameras,
flashcards, DVDs and the occasional internet link – are now multiplying
that informal network. The state monopoly over news is history.
"Even if it is not always immediately visible the arrival of new
technology brings changes which bubble under the surface," said Brian
Latell, a former CIA analyst and Cuba expert at the University of Miami.
Cubans are better informed than ever before, said Ruben Polanco, 29, an
IT worker with a state bank. "With this," he said, indicating the camera
on his Motorola phone, "the truth gets out."
Three recent examples show the technology's impact. Last month a
baseball game between Industriales and Sancti Spíritus turned into a
riot. Police waded into players and spectators – including a communist
party chief – with batons and pepper spray. In the past the incident
would have been the stuff of rumour, at most, but this time the brawl
was captured on mobile phones, loaded on to flashcards, played on
computers and DVD players across the island and uploaded to YouTube.
"Everyone was talking about it, saying did you see the guy in the
headlock," said Polanco.
Another clandestine video hit was a protest at the Instituto Superior de
Arte (ISA) in Havana where dozens of students protested over foul food
and other grievances.
A third case has fuelled anger over a scandal at the main psychiatric
hospital where at least 26 patients died during freezing weather in
January. The authorities admitted a blunder, promised an investigation
and hoped to move on. Instead, autopsy photographs showing emaciated,
apparently bruised corpses were leaked. "It's one thing to hear and
another to actually see," said Antonio Gonzalez-Rodiles, 37, a scientist
who received the images on a flashcard. "The bodies were skin and bone,
like something out of a concentration camp. It's really, really upsetting."
Unlike in Burma, Iran and other countries with repressive regimes, Cuba
remains calm and stable. There are no uprisings, no mass demonstrations,
so information technology poses no immediate risk to the government.
Over time, however, the technology is likely to present an increasingly
fraught challenge. The sea still surrounds it, but Cuba is ever less an
island.
Bloggers critical of the government, such as Yoani Sanchez, have
attracted wide followings overseas and admirers at home, despite
internet restrictions. Secret police have struggled to winkle out
satellite TV dishes hidden in water tanks, among other places.
Cuba's government retains formidable control but a battle with
information technology is likely to be a battle lost, said Dianna
Melrose, the British ambassador in Havana. "They are trying to do a King
Canute, they are fighting an impossible tide."
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/25/cuba-mobile-phone-boom
